Certified in Risk and Information Systems Control (CRISC) Practice Test

The concept of integrity is directly related to ensuring the authenticity of data through hashing. Hashing is a cryptographic technique that takes input data and converts it into a fixed-size string of characters, which is typically a hash value or digest. This hash value serves as a unique fingerprint for the original data.

When data is modified in any way, the hash value will change, making it easy to detect unauthorized alterations. Therefore, the use of hashing confirms that data has not been tampered with and maintains its integrity from its original form. This is crucial in data security as it guarantees that the data received is the same as the data that was sent, ensuring reliability and authenticity.

In contrast, confidentiality is about protecting data from unauthorized access, while non-repudiation refers to the ability to prove that someone performed an action without the possibility of denial, and authorization involves permissions regarding who can access or modify data. While these concepts are all important in the realm of security, they do not directly relate to the process of ensuring data authenticity through hashing like integrity does.